All 135 are Nicaraguan citizens who were unjustly detained, US National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan said in a statement.
Those released were taken to Guatemala, where they arrived on Thursday morning local time, and will be given the chance to apply to move to the US.
The Nicaraguan government led by President Daniel Ortega has jailed hundreds of people since mass protests broke out against his rule in 2018.
The United Nations human rights office (OHCHR) published a report on Tuesday documenting the deterioration in Nicaragua's human rights situation in the past year.
It described a dozen cases in which detainees were tortured through various forms of sexual abuse and electric shocks.
It found that "not only those who express dissenting opinions, but also any individual or organisation that operates independently or does not fall directly under their control" are being persecuted by the Nicaraguan authorities.
More than 5,000 non-governmental groups, private universities and civil society organisations have been closed down on government orders.
Those with links to church groups in particular have been targeted, with priests and pastors arbitrarily arrested, sometimes dragged away by force as they were holding Mass.
Among those freed on Thursday are Catholic laypeople, students and 13 members of Texas-based evangelical organisation Mountain Gateway, the White House statement said.
This is the second time the US has secured the release of a large group of political prisoners from Nicaragua.
In February of last year, 222 detainees were flown from Managua to the United States.
Rights groups have denounced the intensifying crackdown on dissent in the Central American nation for years.
Measures taken against those who have spoken out against Mr Ortega include stripping them of their Nicaraguan citizenship and seizing their homes and assets.
In its statement, the White House called on the Nicaraguan government to "cease the arbitrary arrest and detention of its citizens for merely exercising their fundamental freedoms".
The Nicaraguan government has not yet commented.A court in Nicaragua has stripped 94 dissidents of their citizenship.
Among those declared "traitors to the fatherland" are award-winning writer Sergio Ramírez, poet Gioconda Belli and Catholic bishop Silvio Báez.
All 94 are outspoken critics of President Daniel Ortega, who is in his fourth consecutive term in office.
They are the second group of government critics to have their citizenship revoked after 222 government critics had theirs rescinded last week.
Legal analysts have called the move a violation of international law.
Judge Ernesto Rodríguez said the 94 had carried out "criminal acts to the detriment of peace, sovereignty, independence and self-determination of the Nicaraguan people".
"Due to these facts, the accused can no longer be considered Nicaraguan citizens," he added and announced their properties in Nicaragua would be confiscated.
Many of those on the list of 94 are living abroad. The judge described them as "fugitives from justice" even though many of them left Nicaragua before any charges were levelled against them.
Author Sergio Ramírez, who won Spain's Cervantes Prize for literature in 2017, is one of those who has been living in exile in Spain.
Mr Ramírez was once a close ally of President Ortega and served as his vice-president during the president's first term in office from 1985 to 1990.
But he broke away from the Ortega-led Sandinista Party in 1995 in protest at what he said were Mr Ortega's "autocratic tendencies".
Mr Ramírez left Nicaragua in June 2021, amid a wave of arrests of opposition activists. Three months later, he was accused of inciting hatred and conspiring to destabilise Nicaragua.
Others stripped of their nationality on Wednesday are a former Nicaraguan ambassador who denounced his own government as a dictatorship and who has since been living in the US and the Auxiliary Bishop of Managua, who has been living in Miami for almost three years.
The Central America office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights condemned the move and called on Nicaragua "to immediately cease persecution and reprisal".
Police in Nicaragua have arrested a bishop who expressed solidarity with a fellow bishop found guilty of treason.
Isidoro Mora was taken away by police after he had told his congregation that Nicaragua's bishops were "united in prayer" for Rolando Álvarez.
The Rt Rev Álvarez is serving a 26-year prison sentence imposed after he criticised the government of President Daniel Ortega.
The move is the latest crackdown on the Catholic Church in Nicaragua.
President Ortega, and his wife, Vice-President Rosario Murillo, have targeted clerics for speaking out against their rule, jailing some and expelling others.
There were 12 priests among the 222 jailed opposition figures deported from Nicaragua to the US in February this year.
Rt Rev Álvarez, the bishop of Matagalpa, refused to go into exile at the time unless ordered to do so by the Pope.A day after his refusal, he was sentenced for treason, undermining national integrity and spreading false news.
Isidoro Mora, who is bishop of the diocese of Siuna, had mentioned the Rt Rev Álvarez during a homily on Tuesday at the cathedral in the city of Matagalpa.
The Rt Rev Mora said that Nicaragua's Episcopal Conference, the official assembly of the bishops of the Catholic Church in the country, "was always united, praying for Monsignor Rolando".
It is this remark which is thought to have triggered Bishop Mora's arrest on Wednesday.
The Catholic Church has been a thorn in the side of the Ortega government since clerics sheltered students in churches during mass anti-government protests swept through the country in 2018.
Religious orders and priests as well as lay people have been targeted by the authorities.
In August, the government cancelled the legal status of the Jesuit religious community, confiscating all its property for allegedly failing to provide required financial statements of its activities.
The Jesuit-run Central American University had had its assets seized earlier that same month.
But it is not just religious organisations the government has clamped down on. The organiser of the Miss Nicaragua beauty pageant stepped down less than two weeks ago after she was charged with treason and dozens of non-governmental organisations have also been shut down.
